A national data strategy is a national plan or vision that aims to increase the provision, use, and re-use of various types of data in adherence with national norms and laws.  According to the OECD, governments use these national strategies to focus attention and resources at a national level, describe how societal entities can work together to benefit from data, and to put forward a vision on how to manage change as well as risks that may arise for individuals and the nation as a whole when national entities use data to innovate or to solve societal questions. Data strategies can address multiple aspects of the data value chain, including data collection, analysis,  and sharing among different societal entities. 

A public administration data strategy only refers to data held by governmental entities. It is not the same as an open data strategy. Some public administration data strategies may be expressed in laws or policies (such as the Data Strategy of the German Federal Government 2021), but is often a separate document; sometimes multiple separate documents can be taken together forming the strategy. Some public data strategies may be expressed as a policy, framework, or law.

Guidance or toolbox created by a government as to  how companies can or should share data in different contexts. Sets out the legal, technical, and practical aspects to be taken into account as companies think about and undertake the transfer and sharing of data. As 1b is a plan for data may also include other entities sharing and using data.

AI strategies outline a national vision as to how a nation can build and/or maintain its ability to create and utilize AI for commercial as well as societal use. Some but not all of these plans often include significant language on governing data, especially personal data in a responsible manner.